Ovaj članak sam našao na ruskom sajtu
http://auto.volgograd.ru/avtovolg.php?a ... vm=1&id=51 i evo preveo sam na engleski
http://babelfish.altavista.com/ i odatle sam izvukao slike 7 i 8. Takođe nigde se ne spominje proizvođač svećica.
Diagnostics of the work of engine due to the state of the spark plugs
Sparkplugs these simple to the form connections of metal and ceramics are the most important element in the work of engine. Even in appearance of spark plug can be much said both about the work of engine as a whole and about its separate knots.
The inspection of spark plug must be carried out after continuous firing, the inspection of spark plug after prolonged trip along the out-of-town highway will be ideal version. The error of some automobile enthusiasts, for example is the fact that after the cold start of engine with the minus temperature and its unstable work first of all twist out the spark plugs and after seeing black carbon deposit, are drawn prompt conclusions. But indeed this carbon deposit could be formed during the work of engine in the regime of the cold start, when mixture forcedly is enriched, and unstable operation could be consequence let us say the poor state of high-voltage wires. Therefore again I want to emphasize, if something is not arranged you in the work of engine, and you decided to make diagnostics of its work with the aid of the spark plugs necessary to pass on the originally clean spark plugs the minimum of kilometers 250-300 better still more and only after this to draw some conclusions.
On the photo № 1 is depicted the spark plug, inverted from the engine work of which can be considered outstanding. The skirt of radial deflection terminal has light brown color, carbon deposit and deposits they are minimum. Complete absence it is trace oil. It is possible to only envy to the owner of this motor, and be to what this the economical fuel consumption and the absence of the need for adding oil from the replacement to the replacement.
On the photo №2 a typical example of spark plug from the engine with the increased fuel consumption. Radial deflection terminal is covered with velvet-black carbon deposit. Reasons to that several: rich air- fuel mixture (the maladjustment of carburetor or the malfunction of injector), the blockage of air filter.
On the third photo vice versa the example to excessively poor air- fuel mixture. Color of electrode from the light grey to the white. Here there is an occasion for the uneasiness. Ride on the too impoverished mixture and with the increased loads can become the reason for significant overheating both spark plug itself and combustion chamber, and overheating combustion chamber direct method to the burnout of release valves.
The skirt of central spark-plug electrode of that depicted on the photo № 4 has characteristic reddish nuance, this color can be compared with the color of common brick. This reddening is caused by the work of engine on fuel containing an excess quantity of additives of those containing metal. Prolongedly the use of this fuel will lead to the fact that metal deposits form on the surface of isolation the current-conducting film, through which to current it will more easily pass, than between spark-plugs electrode, and spark plug will cease to work.
Photos № 5. Spark plug has clearly expressed traces of oil especially in the threaded part. Engine with such spark plugs after prolonged stand, has a habit after starting "to divide into three" a certain time, and work is stabilized in proportion to warming up. Reason for this the unsatisfactory state of oil-throwing caps. Presently increased expenditure of oil. In the first minutes of the work of engine, at the moment of warming up, characteristic bel- dark-blue exhaust.
Spark plug on the photo № 6 is inverted from the inoperative cylinder. Radial deflection terminal, its skirt are covered with the dense layer of oil of the unburned fuel mixed with the drops and with the small particles from the destruction, which occurred in this cylinder. Reason for this - destruction of one of the valves or a breakdown in the partitions between the piston rings with the entry of the metallic particles between the valve and its saddle. In this case the engine "divides into three" no longer ceasing, is noticeable significant power loss, the fuel consumption grows one-and-a-half, two. Output is one - repair.
Photos № 7 this complete destruction of radial deflection terminal with its ceramic skirt. One of the factors enumerated below could become the reason for this destruction: the prolonged work of engine with the detonation, the application of a fuel with the low octane number, very advanced ignition, and the simply rejected spark plug. The symptoms of the work of engine are the same as in the preceding case. Only on what it is possible to hope so this to the fact that the particles of radial deflection terminal knew how to rush by into the exhaust system, without having gotten stuck under the release valve, not to otherwise also avoid the repair of the head of cylinder block. But this depends on man, it is culpable or not (joke). If we speak about this concrete spark plug, then its owner god had pity.
Photos № 8 latter in this survey. Spark-plug electrode it became overgrown by ash buildups, color does not play the decisive role, it only testifies about the work of fuel system. Reason for this growth the combustion of oil as a result of production or bedding of oil piston rings. In engine the increased expenditure of oil, with peregazovkakh from the exhaust pipe strong, dark-blue smudging, the smell of exhaust is similar to the motorcycle.
If you want so that with the work of your engine there would be less than problems, do not recall about the spark plugs only if motor rejects to work. Producer guarantees the failure-free operation of the spark plug on proper engine of 30 thousand kilometers of path. But also you in turn do not forget with each replacement of oil or on the average each of 10 thousand kilometers of path to check the state of spark plugs. First of all, these are gap adjustment to the required value, decarbonizing. Carbon deposit to move away better by wire brush, from the sand blasting is destroyed ceramics of radial deflection terminal, and you risk to obtain copy with the photo № 7. So 4 he would recommend to change spark plugs by places, this is connected with the different operating temperatures of cylinders. Middle cylinders work with higher temperatures than extreme.
Source: Za rulem
